What are the hybridizations here?

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1 Answer
Ernest Z.
Dec 3, 2016

A. #"sp"^2#; B. #"sp"^3#; C. #"sp"^2#; D. see the image below.

Explanation:

A.

The α carbon has no lone pairs and is directly attached to three atoms.

Its hybridization is #"sp"^2#.

B.

The β carbon is directly attached to four atoms.

It is #"sp"^3# hybridized.

C.

The nitrogen atom is #"sp"^2# hybridized because the lone pair is involved in resonance with the carbonyl group.

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D.

Three atoms contain unhybridized #"p"# orbitals.

Unhybridized p orbitals

All three are involved in resonance of the amide group; all three are #"sp"^2# hybridized; and all three use their unhybridized #"p"# orbital to form the π cloud of the amide bond.

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