Two circles have the following equations (x -4 )^2+(y +3 )^2= 9 and (x +4 )^2+(y -1 )^2= 16 . Does one circle contain the other? If not, what is the greatest possible distance between a point on one circle and another point on the other?

1 Answer
Sep 6, 2016

Circles are outside each other and greatest possible distance between a point on one circle and another point on the other is 14.2111.

Explanation:

The center of circle (x-4)^2+(y+3)^2=9 is (2,-3) and radius is 3 and center of circle (x+4)^2+(y-1)^2=16 is (-4,1) and radius is 4.

The distance between centers is sqrt((-4-2)^2+(1-(-3))^2

= sqrt(36+16)=sqrt52=7.2111

If the radii of two circles is r_1 and r_2 and we also assume that r_1>r_2 and the distance between centers is d, then

A - if r_1+r_2=d, they touch each other externally and greatest possible distance between a point on one circle and another point on the other is 2(r_1+r_2) and smallest possible distance between a point on one circle and another point on the other is 0.

B - if r_1+r_2 < d, they do not touch each other and are outside each other (i.e. one is not contained in other) and greatest possible distance between a point on one circle and another point on the other is r_1+r_2+d and smallest possible distance between a point on one circle and another point on the other is d-r_1-r_2.

C - if r_1+r_2 > d and r_1-r_2=d, they touch each other internally and smaller circle is contained in other and greatest possible distance between a point on one circle and another point on the other is 2r_2 and smallest distance is 0.

D - if r_1+r_2 > d and r_1-r_2>d, smaller circle lies inside the larger circle and greatest possible distance between a point on one circle and another point on the other is r_1+r_2+d and smallest distance is r_1-r_2-d.

E - if r_1+r_2 > d and r_1-r_2 < d, the two circles intersect each other and greatest possible distance between a point on one circle and another point on the other is r_1+r_2+d and smallest distance is 0.

Now, here as r_1+r_2=7 < d=7.2111 and r_1-r_2 < d, they do not touch each other and are outside each other (i.e. one is not contained in other) and greatest possible distance between a point on one circle and another point on the other is 4+3+7.2111=14.2111.

graph{(x^2+y^2-8x+6y+16)(x^2+y^2+8x-2y+1)=0 [-10.5, 9.5, -5.665, 4.755]}