**No. 1 **
3x^2 - 2x - 3 = 0
3(x^2 - 2/3x -1) = 0
Now take the coefficient of x and divide it by 2 and square it,
-2/3 -> -1/3 -> +1/9
then add it and subtract it,
3(x^2 - 2/3x + 1/9 -1/9 - 1) = 0
Since x^2 -2/3x + 1/9 = (x - 1/3)^2
=> 3[(x - 1/3)^2 -1/9 -1] = 0
=> (x - 1/3)^2 - 10/9 = 0
=> (x - 1/3 - sqrt(10/9))(x - 1/3 + sqrt(10/9)) = 0
=> x - 1/3 - sqrt(10/9) = 0 => x = (1 + sqrt(10))/3
=> x - 1/3 + sqrt(10/9) = 0 => x = (1 - sqrt(10))/3
No. 2
2x^2 - 4x + 1 = 0
x = (-(-4) +- sqrt((-4)^2 -4*2*1))/(2*2)
=> x = (4 +- sqrt(8))/4 = (4 +- 2sqrt(2))/4 = 2 +-sqrt(2)/2
No. 3
Perimeter : 2(L + W) = 16 ... (1)
Area : LxxW = 11 ... (2)
Solve the two equations simultaneously,
In (1), L + W = 8 => L = 8 - W
sub L in (2)
=> (8 - W)*W = 11 => W^2 -8W + 11 = 0
=> W = (8 +- sqrt(64 - 44))/2 => W = 4 +- sqrt(5)
Back to equation (1), put W in (1),
=> L = 8 - W => L = 8 - 4 +-sqrt(5) => L = 4 +- sqrt(5)
Note : when W = 4 - sqrt(5) , L = 4 + sqrt(5)