What is the Dirac vector model in NMR?
1 Answer
In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, the nucleus of every atom in the sample has a magnetic moment, giving it a nuclear spin.
The nuclear spin depends on the number of protons
- If the number of
#p^(+)# and#n^0# are EACH even, then the nuclear spin is#0# . - If the number of
#p^(+)# and#n^0# SUM to be odd, then the nuclear spin is#1/2, 3/2, . . . , n/2# where#n# is a positive odd integer. - If the number of
#p^(+)# and#n^0# are EACH odd, then the nuclear spin is#1,2,3,..., n# where#n# is a positive integer.
The magnetic moment interacts with an applied magnetic field
The net magnetization can be represented as a single magnetization vector:
When a pulse of frequency
While the magnetization vector is tilted, it rotates in the direction of the magnetic field.
Using the right-hand-rule and noting that the precession frequency is negative, the vector rotates clockwise (instead of counterclockwise like the right-hand rule would predict for a positive precession frequency).
The Larmor precession
#color(blue)(v_0 = -1/(2pi)gammaB_0)# where:
#nu_0# is the frequency of the applied pulse in#"Hz"# . A possible value for a Bruker NMR is#"300 MHz"# .#gamma# is the gyromagnetic ratio in#"1/T"cdot"s"# or#"1/G"cdot"s"# , depending on what units you want to use.#B_0# is the applied magnetic field in either#"T"# (Tesla) or#"G"# (Gauss) for the magnetic field strength units;#"1 G = 10"^(-4) "T"# .
When you place a small coil of wire on the x-axis, it basically detects the x component of the Larmor precession, taking in a current induced by the magnetic field.
(This is like the induced current you can get when you send a magnetic field through a solenoid.)
If we suppose the magnitude of the vector is
This induced current is essentially amplified and encoded into an NMR signal.
That's about all you need to know, probably. You can read more about it here.
http://www-keeler.ch.cam.ac.uk/lectures/understanding/chapter_3.pdf