What are the rules for assigning suffixes and prefixes to functional groups?

1 Answer
Jan 17, 2015

Functional groups are arranged in order of priority. Almost every functional group has a prefix and a suffix.

Explanation:

The functional group of highest priority takes the suffix name. All the other functional groups are considered as substituents and use the prefix name.

Here is a list of the prefix and suffix names of common functional groups.

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How would you use the above rules to name the following compound?

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In the above structure, the carboxyl group has priority, and the ketone group is a substituent.

The name is 4-oxopentanoic acid.

Here's another one.

1-Hydroxypentan-2-one

In the above structure, the ketone group has priority, and the alcohol group is a substituent.

The name is 1-hydroxypentan-2-one.