The discriminant of qx^2+rx+s=0 is given by the formula:
Delta = r^2-4qs
If Delta < 0 then the quadratic equation has no real solutions. It has two distinct complex roots (complex conjugates of one another).
If Delta = 0 then the quadratic equation has one repeated root. If q, r and s are rational then the repeated root is rational too.
If Delta > 0 then the quadratic equation has two distinct real roots. If q, r and s are rational and Delta is the square of a rational number, then the roots will be rational too.