How to do acid base neutralization reactions work?

1 Answer

Acids are defined as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors. Neutralisation is when both are in equilibrium.

Explanation:

A proton is nothing more than an ionized hydrogen atom #H^+#

Most common acids are characterized by the hydronium ion, which looks like #H_3O^+#. This can donate a proton and turn into water:

#H_3O^(+) -> H_2O+H^+#

A common base has the hydroxide ion #OH^-#

And these combine: #H_3O^(+) +OH^(-) ->2H_2O#
Or more commonly: #H^(+) +OH^(-) ->H_2O#

There are many more acid-base reactions, like between acid and metal oxide, or between base and non-metal oxide, but the above is the one that is most usually called an acid-base reaction.