How do you use the first and second derivatives to sketch y = x / (x^2 - 9)?

1 Answer
May 11, 2018

Please see the explanation below

Explanation:

The function is

y=x/(x^2-9)

The domain is x in (-oo,-3) uu(-3,3) uu(3,+oo)

The first derivative is calculated with the quotient rule

(u/v)'=(u'v-uv')/(v^2)

Here,

u=x, =>, u'=1

v=x^2-9, =>, v'=2x

y'=dy/dx=(1*(x^2-9)-(x*2x))/(x^2-9)^2

=(x^2-9-2x^2)/(x^2-9)^2

=(-9-x^2)/(x^2-9)^2

There are no critical points

y'!=0, AA x in D_y

Let's calculate the second derivative with the quotient rule

u=-9-x^2, =>, u'=-2x

v=(x^2-9)^2, =>, v'=2(x^2-9)*2x

Therefore,

y''=(d^2y)/dx^2=(-2x(x^2-9)^2-(-9-x^2)(4x(x^2-9)))/(x^2-9)^4

=(-2x^3+18x+36x+4x^3)/(x^2-9)^3

=(2x^3+54x)/(x^2-9)^3

=(2x(x^2+27))/(x^2-9)^3

When y''=0, there is a point of inflection.

(2x(x^2+27))/(x^2-9)^3=0

=>, x=0

Let's make a variation chart

color(white)(a)" Interval "color(white)(aaa)(-oo, -3)color(white)(aaa)(-3,0)color(white)(aaa)(0,3)color(white)(aaa)(3,+oo)

color(white)(a)" Sign y'' "color(white)(aaaaaaaa)-color(white)(aaaaaaaaa)+color(white)(aaaaaa)-color(white)(aaaaaa)+

color(white)(a)" y "color(white)(aaaaaaaaaaaaa)nncolor(white)(aaaaaaaaaa)uucolor(white)(aaaaaa)nncolor(white)(aaaaaa)uu

graph{x/(x^2-9) [-10, 10, -5, 5]}