(1) log_b(x/y) = log_bx -log_by
So
log_b((p^2q^5)/(m^4b^9)) = log_b(p^2q^5) – log_b(m^4b^9)
(2) log_b(xy) = log_bx – log_by
So
log_b((p^2q^5)/(m^4b^9)) = log_b(p^2) + log_b(q^5) – (log_b(m^4) + log_b(b^9))
log_b((p^2q^5)/(m^4b^9)) = log_b(p^2) + log_b(q^5) – log_b(m^4) - log_b(b^9)
(3) log_b(x^d) = dlog_bx
So
log_b((p^2q^5)/(m^4b^9)) = 2log_bp + 5log_b(q) – 4log_bm - 9log_b b
log_b((p^2q^5)/(m^4b^9)) = 2log_bp + 5log_b(q) – 4log_bm - 9