George is making spaghetti for dinner. He places 4.01 kg of water in a pan and brings it to a boil. Before adding the pasta, he adds 58 g of table salt to the water and again brings it to a boil. What is the temperature of the salty boiling water?
1 Answer
Explanation:
The idea here is that adding salt, sodium chloride,
In order to determine the boiling point of the solution, you need to use the equation for boiling-point elevation, which looks like this
#color(blue)(DeltaT_b = i * K_b * b)" "# , where
A quick search online will reveal that the ebullioscopic constant for water is equal to
http://www.vaxasoftware.com/doc_eduen/qui/tcriosebu.pdf
In order to find the value of
Now, sodium chloride is an electrolyte, which means that it dissociates completely in aqueous solution to form sodium cations and chloride anions
#"NaCl"_text((aq]) -> "Na"_text((aq])^(+) + "Cl"_text((aq])^(-)#
Notice that one mole of sodium chloride produces two moles8* of ions in solution, one mole of sodium cations and one mole** of chloride anions.
This means that the van't Hoff factor, which tells you the ratio between the number of moles of solute added to the solvent and the number of moles of particles produced in solution, will be equal to
The molality of the solution tells you how many moles of solute you get per kilogram of solvent.
Use sodium chloride's molar mass to figure out how many moles are present in that sample
#58 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("g"))) * "1 mole NaCl"/(58.44color(red)(cancel(color(black)("g")))) = "0.9925 moles NaCl"#
This means that the molality of the solution will be
#b = "0.9925 moles"/"4.01 kg" = "0.2475 mol kg"^(-1)#
Plug in these values into the equation for boiling-point elevation and solve for
#DeltaT_b = 2 * 0.512^@"C" color(red)(cancel(color(black)("kg"))) color(red)(cancel(color(black)("mol"^(-1)))) * 0.2475 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("mol"))) color(red)(cancel(color(black)("kg"^(-1))))#
#DeltaT_b = 0.2534^@"C"#
Now, boiling-point elevation is calculated as
#color(blue)(DeltaT_b = T_b - T_b^@)" "# , where
Pure water boils at
#T_b = 100^@"C" + 0.2534^@"C" = color(green)(100.25^@"C")#
I won't round the answer off to two sig figs, despite the fact that you only have two sig figs given for the mass of sodium chloride.