From all the permutations of 5 different letters from the 7 letters D, E, C, I, M, A, and L, how many begin and end with a consonant?
How many have A or C in the center? How many have consonants and vowels alternating?
How many have A or C in the center? How many have consonants and vowels alternating?
1 Answer
Bookend the word with consonants = 720. A or C in centre = 720. Alternating consonants and vowels (both CVCVC and VCVCV) = 216.
Explanation:
Let's first begin by finding out how many permutations there are with a population of 7 and we're choosing 5. The general formula for permutations is:
Of these, how many begin and end with a consonant?
We can "glue" a consonant to the beginning and ending of the different words and thereby force them to be consonants. In how many ways can we do this? There are 2 positions we care about (first letter, last letter) and 4 consonants to choose from, so we can express that as:
The remaining letters can now be arranged in whatever order, and so that's 5 letters remaining and we're picking 3:
And so all together we have:
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How many have A or C in the centre?
We can "pin" one of them in the centre of the word. There are 2 choices for that.
The rest of the word can be any of the 6 remaining letters (and we're picking 4 of them):
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Alternating consonants and vowels
With this, we can either have CVCVC or VCVCV. We can calculate them and then add them together.
CVCVC - we have 4 consonants to pick from and we're choosing 3. We also have 3 vowels and are choosing 2:
VCVCV - we have 4 consonants to pick from and we're choosing 2. We also have 3 vowels and are choosing all 3:
And so: