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Answer 1 · 2015-08-12T19:33:48

Vinyl chloride is hydrolyzed more slowly than ethyl chloride because the $C-Cl$ $"C-Cl"$ bond in vinyl chloride has some double bond character.

There are two reasons for the slow hydrolysis of vinyl chloride.

(a) The carbon atom in vinyl chloride is ${sp}^{2}$ $"sp"^2$ hybridized.

The $C-Cl$ $"C-Cl"$ bond contains more s character from the $C$ $"C"$ atom, so the bond is "tighter" and more difficult to break.

(b) The $C-Cl$ $"C-Cl"$ bond in vinyl chloride has some double bond character.

Vinyl chloride is a hybrid of two resonance structures.

The second structure is a minor contributor but, to the extent that it occurs, it gives some double bond character to the $C-Cl$ $"C-Cl"$ bond.

In ethyl chloride the $C-Cl$ $"C-Cl"$ bond is a pure single bond.

Thus, vinyl chloride undergoes hydrolysis more slowly than ethyl chloride.