Why would government involvement cause the crowding-out effect?

The term "crowding out" usually refers to government borrowing. The accompanying graph and text provide the supply-demand analysis to show that increased government borrowing raises the equilibrium interest rate and consequently decreases private sector borrowing. Thus, the government "crowds out" private investment in favor of public investment. Borrowing is considered the measure of investment because projects require funding.

I believe Paul Krugman argued that during the Great Recession, crowding out was not a problem because the private sector was not investing much. His argument seems worthy of consideration and I think complicates this analysis. If the demand for loanable funds suddenly shifts to the left, then government deficit spending might be seen not as "crowding out" but as an attempt to maintain full-employment spending. This is pretty much the analysis favored by those who support government stimulus as a policy response to recession.