Which functional groups would form hydrogen bonds with neighbouring molecules?
1 Answer
Sep 16, 2015
Any functional group that has these can hydrogen-bond with neighboring molecules:
#"C"="O"# (hydrogen-bond acceptor)#"C"-"O"-"C"# (hydrogen-bond acceptor) [some]#"C"-"NR""# (hydrogen-bond acceptor)#"C"="NR"# (hydrogen-bond acceptor)#"C"-"OH"# (hydrogen-bond donor AND acceptor)#"C"-"NH"# (hydrogen-bond donor AND acceptor)#"C"="NH"# (hydrogen-bond acceptor AND donor)#"C"-="N"# (hydrogen-bond acceptor)
Any lone electron pairs present on the oxygen or nitrogen in the carbonyl, ether, the hydroxyl, the amino, the imino, and the nitrile groups above are hydrogen-bond accepting, while the hydrogens on the hydroxyl, amino, and imino groups are hydrogen-bond donating.
That means these parts of these functional groups count:
- ketone (
#"C"="O"# ) - aldehyde (
#"C"="O"# ) - alcohol (
#"C"-"OH"# ) - carboxylic acid (
#"C"="O"# ,#"C"-"OH"# ) - ester (
#"C"="O"# ,#"C"-"O"-"C"# ) - amine (
#-"N"-"H"# ,#-"N"-"R"# ) - imine (
#="N"-"H"# ,#="N"-"R"# ) - amide (
#"C"="O"# ,#-"N"-"H"# ,#-"N"-"R"# ) - imide (
#"C"="O"# ,#="N"-"H"# ,#="N"-"R"# ) - nitrile (
#"C"-="N"# ) - amino acid (amine + carboxylic acid)
And any other functional groups that contain those.
