What is the relationship between climate and agriculture?

The types of crops that can be grown and the livestock that can be maintained will depend on constraints set partially by climate.

Plants that need a certain amount of water may not be suitable for dry climates/regions. While one could certainly install a large irrigation system, this would be costly and selecting a plant that is more suitable for local precipitation patterns would be more logical.

Crops that need a long growing season may not be suited for areas with longer winters. Again, you could create an elaborate greenhouse and extend the growing season this way, but it isn't very practical.

In a drought prone area, it would be wise to plant drought-tolerant crops such as certain varieties of millet, fava beans, and grapes.

Climate is often a limiting factor that determines what agricultural crops and endeavors one should invest in. Climate affects the temperature trends, the seasons, the length of the growing season, the amount of sunlight and the seasonality of sunlight, and so forth. All organisms are adapted to their environment, thus it is logical to work with species adapted or suitable to the local climatic conditions of each area.