Water is a liquid at room temperature. What is this due to?
1 Answer
Water's liquid state at room temperature and atmospheric pressure is probably attributable to hydrogen bonding.
Explanation:
Water is a molecule of fairly negligible mass:
We know, or should know, that as atoms, and molecules get bigger, there should be a greater degree of dispersion forces that operate between particles, yet it seems that the boiling point of water is anomalously high. And so in fact it is.
The difference between water and these other molecules that another intermolecular force operates, and that is hydrogen bonding. Oxygen is electronegative with respect to hydrogen, and tends to polarize electron density towards itself. The result is that we may represent the water molecule as
Given the strength of this dipole, and the small size of the water molecule, this interaction between the dipoles of adjacent molecules acts as a potent intermolecular force that elevates water's boiling point.