Name each of the following compounds?

#A)#

The first one is a kind of hydrocarbon. When we identify the main chain, we can create the parent name to the IUPAC name.

The main chain has #4# carbons (here, it is depicted horizontally), which corresponds to the prefix #"but"-#. This has no double bonds or triple bonds, so it is a plain ol' alkane.

Therefore, this compound is some sort of butane-based compound, resembling this:

If we number the main chain carbons (in accordance with IUPAC Nomenclature rules) so that each sidechain is the lowest number possible #(2)#, then that gives us the name of the sidechain attached to the four-carbon "main chain".

The sidechain is #-"CH"_3#, which is a one-carbon alkyl group called #"methyl"#. We replace #"ane"# with #"yl"# because it is a fragment and not the entire compound "methane".

So, the compound is called #bb(2-"methylbutane")#.

#B)#

In this inorganic transition metal complex, we take a somewhat different approach and look at the charge of the outer ligand (on the second coordination sphere).

#["Cr"("NH"_3)_5"Cl"]stackrel("Nitrate")overbrace(("NO"_3)_2)#

Each nitrate ion (#"NO"_3^(-)#) actually has a #1-# charge, and there are two of them. So, the part of the formula in square brackets is going to balance out and have a #2+# charge.

#stackrel("+2 charge")overbrace(["Cr"("NH"_3)_5"Cl"])stackrel("-1 charge each")overbrace(("NO"_3)_2)#

This polyatomic ion's name is simply going to be appended, like when naming any ionic compound with two ions (such as silver nitrate, or calcium nitrate).

The chloro ligand (#"Cl"^(-)#) has a #1-# charge, and each ammine ligand (#"NH"_3#) is actually neutral.

These ligands in the inner coordination sphere will have prefixes indicating how many of each there are, except if there is #1#.

Also, if the prefix ends in a vowel and the ligand starts with a vowel, the double vowel is omitted. So, "pent" will go in front of "ammine".

The remaining charge has to balance out to give #2+#:

#x + (-1) = +2#

#=> x = color(blue)(+3)#

#=> [stackrel(+3)"Cr"stackrel(0)(("NH"_3)_5)stackrel(-1)"Cl"]^(2+)#

So, we have #"Cr"^(3+)# in our transition metal complex.

Put that all together in all lowercase without a space (except for the appended anion name), in alphabetical order of ligand name:

#stackrel("alphabetical order of ligand name")overbrace("prefix" + "ligand" + . . . + "prefix" + "ligand") + "metal"("oxid. number") + "anion name"#

#=> "pentammine" + "chloro" + "chromium(III)" + "nitrate"#

#=> color(blue)("pentamminechlorochromium(III) nitrate")#

And since only one ligand differs in the inner coordination sphere, there is no special symmetry that we should account for in the naming.

(No cis/trans, no #Delta"/"Lambda# or #"fac/mer"# isomers, etc.)