How to find two square roots of a number?

1 Answer
May 31, 2015

I will assume that behind this question is a myth that there is such a thing as, for example, "The square root of 2".

In fact for any number a (in RR or CC), if r is a square root of a then -r is also a square root of a.

If a in RR and a > 0 then a has two real square roots - the positive square root that we represent by the symbols sqrt(a) and the negative square root, which is -sqrt(a).

If a in RR and a = 0 then a has one (repeated) square root, viz 0.

If a in RR and a < 0 then a has two pure imaginary square roots, sqrt(-a)*i and -sqrt(-a)*i