#2# only factors one way, #2=2 times 1#. So if there is a possible factorization, it looks like
# (2x + text{constant})(x + text{constant})#
The two constants multiply to #-3# and similarly, #-3=3 times -1 = -3 times 1# are the only possibilities for that. So we get four possibilities for a factorization (the first constant can be #-3, -1,quad 1, or 3#) and we quickly find
#2x^2 - 5x - 3 = (2x + 1)(x - 3)#