How do you find effective nuclear charge in each shell of an atom? (general chem)
1 Answer
Following Slater's rules:
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Group electrons in increasing quantum numbers.
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Electrons in groups to the right do not shield electrons to their left.
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Determine the shielding constant, S, for each valence electron following these rules (for s and p electrons):
a. Each electron in the same group contributes 0.35, except 1s electrons, which contribute 0.3.
b. Each electron in the n-1 energy level contribute 0.85 to S.
c. Each electron in the n-2 or lower contributes 1.00 to S. -
For d and f electrons:
a. Each electron in the same group contributes 0.35.
b. Each electron in groups to the left contributes 1.00.
Si:
Level 1: S=2*0.3=0.6
Z=14-0.6=13.4
Level 2: S=20.85+0.356=3.8
Z=14-3.8=10.2
Level 3: S=21.00+60.85+4*0.35=8.5
Z=14-8.5=5.5
C:
Level 1: S=2*0.3=0.6
Z=6-0.6=5.4
Level 2: S=20.85+0.354=3.1
Z=6-3.1=2.9
Level 3: S=21.00+40.85=5.4
Z=6-5.4=0.6
F:
Level 1: S=2*0.3=0.6
Z=9-0.6=8.4
Level 2: S= 20.85+0.357=4.15
Z=9-4.15=4.85
Level 3: S= 21.00+0.857=7.95
Z=9-7.95=1.05