Question #b6b7c

There is a specific formula for the dipole moment and torque but we can sorta derive that as we go along:

We start with Newton's 2nd Law for circular motion: #mathbf tau = I mathbf alpha qquad star#

We place the origin at the mid point and exploit the symmetry and for minimum time we arrange the positive and negative charges as shown. The torque is:

#mathbf tau = 2 xx (mathbf r xx mathbf F) #

#mathbf r = ((L/2 cos theta),(L/2 sin theta))# and #mathbfF = ((Eq),(0))#

#implies mathbf tau = - LEq sin theta \ mathbf e_z#

The inertia for 2 point masses is #2 xx M (L/2)^2 = (ML^2)/2#

And so from #star#:

# - LEq sin theta \ mathbf e_z= (ML^2)/2 ddot theta \ mathbf e^z#

We make the usual linearisation assumption, #theta approx sin theta# for small #theta# and we get this DE:

# ddot theta + (2Eq)/(ML) theta = 0# which is in usual form: #ddot theta + omega^2 theta = 0#

So period #T = (2 pi) /omega = 2 pi sqrt( (ML)/(2Eq) ) #

This has been linearised to simple harmonic motion (we have a linear restorative torque), and the minimum time #tau# for the arrangement to first go through the equilibrium point (ie where #theta = 0#) is #tau = T/4 = color(blue)(pi/2 sqrt( (ML)/(2Eq) ))#

I'd roll with (3) ... unless you see a mistake :)